Interviews with Gail E. Haley

In this series of sixteen interviews, Gail E. Haley, a prolific author born in Charlotte, North Carolina and the first of only two authors to win the American Caldecott Medal and the British Kate Greenaway Medal for picture book illustration, discusses her life and career as a children's author and illustrator. Throughout the interviews, Ms. Haley describes her artistic process, detailing her inspirations and research as well as techniques she employed and pioneered in order to illustrate her works. She also notes her many influences, including her father (George C. Einhart), Joseph Campbell, and Carl Jung.

Gail E. Haley oral history interview 1, 2005 December 30
Gail Haley, an author and illustrator of children's literature born in Charlotte, North Carolina, recalls her early life and young adulthood and reflects on influences on her personal development as an artist. In this first of sixteen interviews, Ms. Haley recounts her own experiences as well as those of her family in the Charlotte region from the 1930s to 1950s. Ms. Haley describes the migration of her father, George C. Einhart, to the Charlotte area and his marriage to her mother, P. Louise Bell. In particular, Ms. Haley recalls events related to her father's deployment during World War II and his tenure as the art director of the Charlotte Observer. She also discusses living in rural Shuffletown and the self-sufficient lifestyle of this region, as well as various periods when the family lived in Charlotte, both during World War II with her grandmother Ethel Bell, and in later years. In addition to her family life, Ms. Haley recalls her formal education, including time in Charlotte Mecklenburg schools and her experiences with art school at both the Richmond Professional Institute and the University of Virginia. Similarly, she reflects on the value of her informal educational experiences at the Charlotte Public Library, which fostered her love of books, mythology, and research. Ms. Haley also describes her decision at a young age to be an author and illustrator, aspects of her artistic training, including interactions with printing, puppets, and color separation, and some of her early experiences with book publishing in New York. In relation to her education and early work as a professional illustrator, she discusses her first marriage to Joseph A. Haley. Other themes in the interview include her lifelong fascination with travel, passion for art, her personal beliefs, views on nature, and childhood struggles to assimilate with reality.
Gail E. Haley oral history interview 2, 2006 January 27
Gail Haley, an author and illustrator of children's literature born in Charlotte, North Carolina, recalls her early adulthood and discusses her first interactions with the publishing world. In this second of sixteen interviews, Ms. Haley recounts her decision to begin her career as an author and illustrator, and describes several of her early works, including The Wonderful, Magical World of Marguerite (1964), the Round Stories (1966), and, most notably, A Story, A Story (1970), for which she was awarded the 1971 Caldecott Medal for picture book illustration. In particular, Ms. Haley recalls her work on A Story, A Story, including first learning about Anansi while living in St. Thomas and researching African art and dance. As she discusses her books, Ms. Haley describes her work with woodblocks, printing, and color separation, as well as several other artistic techniques. She also mentions the influence of the Caribbean on her color choices at this point in her career. In addition to her professional life, Ms. Haley recounts aspects of her personal life, including the deterioration of her first marriage to Joseph A. Haley, the beginning of her relationship with her second husband, Arnold Arnold, her early experiences as a mother, and her decision to move to England. Other themes in this interview address storytelling across cultures, African traditions and art, Ms. Haley's opinions on the deterioration of the publishing world during the latter half of the 20th century, and a syndicated column on social issues which she published with her second husband.
Gail E. Haley oral history interview 3, 2006 April 13
Gail Haley, an author and illustrator of children's literature born in Charlotte, North Carolina, recalls her life and evolving career during the 1970s. In this third of sixteen interviews, Ms. Haley discusses the period in her life in which she authored Noah's Ark (1971), Jack Jouett's Ride (1973), and The Abominable Swamp Man (1975). She describes the origins and themes of each work, the techniques used to create the artwork, and revisions she would undertake in retrospect. Ms. Haley also talks about beginning three more books during this period: Go Away, Stay Away (1977), The Post Office Cat (1976), and Costumes for Plays and Playing (1977). While discussing each of her works, Ms. Haley recalls her experiences with various publishing companies, both in America and in England. In addition to her professional life, Ms. Haley also recounts her personal experiences, including her move from New York to Charlottesville, Virginia and eventually to London, England with her second husband Arnold Arnold and their two children, Marguerite and Geoffrey. Other themes in this interview include environmentalism, Ms. Haley's research, fantasy literature in the publishing world, working with Weston Woods Studios to create film strips, and participating in the May Day ('Obby 'Oss Day) festivities in Padstow, England.
Gail E. Haley oral history interview 4, 2006 May 30
Gail E. Haley was a 66-year-old woman at the time of interview, which took place in Charlotte, North Carolina. She was born in Charlotte in 1939. She was educated at Richmond Professional Institute and the University of Virginia; and was employed as an author, illustrator, and college teacher., Gail Haley, an author and illustrator of children's literature born in Charlotte, North Carolina, recounts her career during the mid to late 1970s. In this fourth of sixteen interviews, Ms. Haley discusses The Post Office Cat (1976), which was awarded the Kate Greenaway Medal for illustration. Ms. Haley describes how a news story concerning parliamentary debates over wage increases for post office cats inspired her to research the history of cats at the Royal Mail and ultimately to write the book. She also recalls several stories about her own cat, Clarence, who served as the model and inspiration for her illustrations. In addition, Ms. Haley details the techniques utilized in creating illustrations which imitated the style of lithography through printing technique and washing in colors using gouache and soapy water with a focus on tonal color in order to create depth. As an author who focuses on costume and performance, Ms. Haley emphasizes the details depicted in the costumes of her characters, which she primarily researched at the Victoria and Albert Museum. Later, she recalls working on her practical guide for costume creation, Costumes for Plays and Playing (1977). Ms. Haley also sets the stage for her sixth interview which discusses her illustrated book, The Green Man (1979). Other themes in this interview include her continued work with Weston Wood Studios, publishing her works in Japan, the history of mail delivery in the United Kingdom, class, and her relationship with her mother., Gail Haley papers, 1842-2005, J. Murrey Atkins Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Gail E. Haley oral history interview 5, 2006 October 12
Gail E. Haley was a 66-year-old woman at the time of interview, which took place in Charlotte, North Carolina. She was born in Charlotte in 1939. She was educated at Richmond Professional Institute and the University of Virginia; and was employed as an author, illustrator, and college teacher., Gail Haley, an author and illustrator of children's literature born in Charlotte, North Carolina, recalls her career during the late 1970s. In this fifth of sixteen interviews, Ms. Haley describes her work on Go Away, Stay Away (1977). She recounts viewing a short film featuring the traditions of the Lo?tschental Valley in Switzerland, which inspired her to research the custom of using masks to frighten away spirits and winter. Ms. Haley?s research, conducted at the Folklore Society and Horniman Museum, as well as her interest in the works of Joseph Campbell and James George Frazer, culminated in the creation of Go Away, Stay Away. She emphasizes that the themes of Go Away, Stay Away are the cleansing of the soul and the assumption of responsibility for inner demons. Throughout the interview, Ms. Haley discusses the importance of mythology and stories across cultures, universal similarities in cultural traditions, and a need for stories in modern times. Additionally, Ms. Haley describes the techniques used in her artwork, which include linoleum cuts, the use of white ink, and experimentation with paints drying at different rates to create textures and colors. Ms. Haley was able to showcase these and other techniques at her first art exhibition in 1979. The exhibition, titled " Get into a book," featured galleries of artwork from A Story, A Story (1970), The Post Office Cat (1976), Costumes for Plays and Playing (1977), Go Away, Stay Away (1977), and The Green Man (1979). Other themes in the interview include her memories of winning the Kate Greenaway Medal for The Post Office Cat (1976), the therapeutic nature of storytelling, changes in publishing, and publication of folklore stories., Gail Haley papers, 1842-2005, J. Murrey Atkins Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Gail E. Haley oral history interview 6, 2007 February 16
Gail E. Haley was a 67-year-old woman at the time of interview, which took place in Charlotte, North Carolina. She was born in Charlotte in 1939. She was educated at Richmond Professional Institute and the University of Virginia; and was employed as an author, illustrator, and college teacher., Gail Haley, an author and illustrator of children's literature born in Charlotte, North Carolina, recounts her career during the late 1970s. In this sixth of sixteen interviews, Ms. Haley relates working on The Green Man (1979). Ms. Haley describes her initial discovery of the Green Man as a figure on pub signs. She recalls the way the images resonated with her, which in turn motivated her to research the character at locations such as the Cecil Sharp House. Eventually she decided to create a book inspired by her research. Throughout the interview Ms. Haley discusses the many variations of the Green Man and his connection with stories of wild men, the Green Knight, Hamlet, and other archetypes. She also recounts her theories on the usage of masks in conjunction with the Green Man and customs connected with his character across traditions. In addition to describing her research and ideas, Ms. Haley explains the techniques used to create illustrations which reflected her vision of the Green Man by mimicking the style of Medieval tapestries through the use of acrylic paints, canvas, and rubber resist. Other themes in this interview include the importance of nature, rituals, her personal experiences while completing the book, and the enduring nature of the Green Man in her life., Gail Haley papers, 1842-2005, J. Murrey Atkins Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Gail E. Haley oral history interview 7, 2007 April 5
Gail E. Haley was a 67-year-old woman at the time of interview, which took place in Charlotte, North Carolina. She was born in Charlotte in 1939. She was educated at Richmond Professional Institute and the University of Virginia; and was employed as an author, illustrator, and college teacher., Gail Haley, an author and illustrator of children's literature born in Charlotte, North Carolina, recalls her career during the late 1970s and 1980s. In this seventh of sixteen interviews, Ms. Haley discusses her work on Birdsong (1984). The inspiration for Birdsong came from a chapbook on bird catching which came to Ms. Haley's attention while researching The Green Man (1979). Though her initial attempts to incorporate this information did not reach fruition, she later had a dream which she adapted, along with her research, into the book. While describing the origins of the story, Ms. Haley reviews the techniques used to create the illustrations which were inspired by illuminated manuscripts. She recalls the use of a lightbox for transferring the brown outlines of each drawing, incorporating resists for lighter lines, and utilizing various paints to create vivid colors. Ms. Haley also discusses the theme of the text, which she sees as the value of personal choices. Other topics in this interview include Ms. Haley's views on storytelling as it relates to the shaman's journey and universal unconscious, her growing interest in the Cherokee tribe and its stories, the dichotomy of reality and fiction, trends in popular literature, and returning to America from England., Gail Haley papers, 1842-2005, J. Murrey Atkins Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Gail E. Haley oral history interview 8, 2007 April 20
Gail E. Haley was a 67-year-old woman at the time of interview, which took place in Charlotte, North Carolina. She was born in Charlotte in 1939. She was educated at Richmond Professional Institute and the University of Virginia; and was employed as an author, illustrator, and college teacher., Gail Haley, an author and illustrator of children's literature born in Charlotte, North Carolina, recalls her career during the mid to late 1980s. In this eighth of sixteen interviews, Ms. Haley describes two of her publications connected with the mythic character of Jack, Jack and the Bean Tree (1986) and Jack and the Fire Dragon (1988). Ms. Haley recounts how she first became involved with Jack while reading the work of Joseph Campbell, as well as her interpretations of the character using the theories of Campbell and Carl Jung. In particular, she discusses Jack as an archetypal figure and "everyman" whose character spans cultures. Ms. Haley describes the two Jack tales she adapted in terms of popular folklore journeys, the journey to the upper world and the journey to the lower world. In addition, Ms. Haley notes the ubiquitous appearance of the symbol of the bean tree (or tree of life) which occurs in various storytelling traditions. Reflecting on the artistic techniques represented in these picture books, Ms. Haley notes that her choices were driven by the differing narratives. For Jack and the Bean Tree she employed primarily acrylic paints on wood in order to produce textures which emphasize the family's poverty, whereas the artwork created for Jack and the Fire Dragon utilized linoleum cuts in order to accentuate black lines to highlight her use of color. Woven throughout her discussion of both texts, Ms. Haley recounts her experiences with Ray Hicks, a teller of Jack tales in the mountains of North Carolina. Other themes in this interview include storytelling, stories of Ms. Haley's family, the importance of folklore and historical stories, and the changing roles of men and women in stories and society., Gail Haley papers, 1842-2005, J. Murrey Atkins Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Gail E. Haley oral history interview 9, 2007 May 25
Gail E. Haley was a 67-year-old woman at the time of interview, which took place in Charlotte, North Carolina. She was born in Charlotte in 1939. She was educated at Richmond Professional Institute and the University of Virginia; and was employed as an author, illustrator, and college teacher., Gail Haley, an author and illustrator of children's literature born in Charlotte, North Carolina, recounts her career during the late 1980s and early 1990s. In this ninth of sixteen interviews, Ms. Haley recalls her work on A Sea Tale (1990). Ms. Haley relates how her creation of A Sea Tale was motivated by an evening when she heard a voice telling, but not completing, a compelling story. Ms. Haley decided to finish it and began workshopping the story with students of various ages before producing the final version of the tale. Additionally, Ms. Haley discusses various inspirations for the text and compares it to other stories of mermaids including Hans Christian Andersen's The Little Mermaid. Ms. Haley continues with a description of the techniques used in creating the illustrations, which included linoleum cuts, white ink, rubber stamps, and color separation. She also relates some of the challenges encountered with these styles, such as the difficulty of aligning colors with white ink and the use of border lines to prevent color bleeding. While discussing her technique, Ms. Haley recounts how snorkeling and visiting aquariums inspired her underwater illustrations. Other themes in this interview include stories Ms. Haley would still like to tell, Jungian themes in A Sea Tale, mermaids, and materialism in the modern world., Gail Haley papers, 1842-2005, J. Murrey Atkins Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Gail E. Haley oral history interview 10, 2007 July 2
Gail E. Haley was a 67-year-old woman at the time of interview, which took place in Charlotte, North Carolina. She was born in Charlotte in 1939. She was educated at Richmond Professional Institute and the University of Virginia; and was employed as an author, illustrator, and college teacher., Gail Haley, an author and illustrator of children's literature born in Charlotte, North Carolina, recounts her career during the early 1990s. In this tenth of sixteen interviews, Ms. Haley discusses her work on Puss in Boots (1991). Ms. Haley relates that the origin of the book was a request from her publisher to retell a fairy tale. She selected the story of Puss in Boots because of her love of cats but initially struggled to find resources on the history and significance of the story. During the interview, Ms. Haley reflects on her work on the illustrations. She describes using her own cat, Clarence, as the primary model for the character and depicting boots which looked as though they would fit a cat's paws. Ms. Haley also discusses utilizing artistic techniques that she mastered in previous works such as The Post Office Cat (1976) and Birdsong (1984), including the use of grey outlines transferred using a light box, photographing models, and contrasting tones in images with lighter colors in the background. Throughout the interview, Ms. Haley tells stories of her various cats. Other themes in this interview include marketing's influence on the publishing world and the contrasting values of social justice and materialism presented in the story of Puss in Boots., Gail Haley papers, 1842-2005, J. Murrey Atkins Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Gail E. Haley oral history interview 11, 2007 September 21
Gail E. Haley was a 67-year-old woman at the time of interview, which took place in Charlotte, North Carolina. She was born in Charlotte in 1939. She was educated at Richmond Professional Institute and the University of Virginia; and was employed as an author, illustrator, and college teacher., Gail Haley, an author and illustrator of children's literature born in Charlotte, North Carolina, recalls her career during the early 1990s. In this eleventh of sixteen interviews, Ms. Haley discusses her work on Mountain Jack Tales (1992). Ms. Haley recounts her initial interest in Jack, which sparked the creation of Jack and the Bean Tree (1986) and Jack and the Fire Dragon (1988), as discussed in her eighth interview. She relates how she felt the best way to continue to record these stories was through an illustrated chapter book instead of a series of picture books. Ms. Haley notes there are many Jack tales and she chose to include only those which she felt were universal stories appropriate for children. While discussing her book, Ms. Haley also describes her interactions with mountain storytellers as well as some of the history of the collection of various mountain tales by individuals such as Richard Chase. In addition to discussing the origins of the tales, Ms. Haley recalls her illustrations for this work, which were created by engraving lemonwood blocks. In some cases, she created larger images which were then shrunk to a smaller size when printed to allow for greater detail in the illustrations. Other themes in this interview include storytellers and traditions as well as the changing nature of oral stories., Gail Haley papers, 1842-2005, J. Murrey Atkins Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Gail E. Haley oral history interview 12, 2008 January 16
Gail E. Haley was a 68-year-old woman at the time of interview, which took place in Charlotte, North Carolina. She was born in Charlotte in 1939. She was educated at Richmond Professional Institute and the University of Virginia; and was employed as an author, illustrator, and college teacher., Gail Haley, an author and illustrator of children's literature born in Charlotte, North Carolina, recounts her career during the early 1990s. In this twelfth of sixteen interviews, Ms. Haley continues the conversation from her eleventh interview about her work on Mountain Jack Tales (1992). Ms. Haley details several of the stories contained in the book, as well as popular motifs within each. She summarizes her view of Jack as a hero and a universal male figure across cultures, offering examples of similar stories from other folklore traditions. In addition, Ms. Haley discusses her decision to include a story about Muncimeg, a strong female character similar to Jack with her own set of mountain folk stories in order to raise awareness of the character. Ms. Haley also describes her choice to create fewer illustrations for this text as it was intended for an older audience. As a puppeteer as well as a writer, Ms. Haley has often performed her own stories. In this interview she discusses her creation of Jack as a puppet. She relates this to her work on Play People: Puppetry in Education (1988), and explains how her work with puppets grew from a request by the drama department of Appalachian State University for help in creating puppets during her time as practitioner in residence at the school. Other themes in this interview include storytelling, consumerism, and lack of self-sufficiency in contemporary children's stories., Gail Haley papers, 1842-2005, J. Murrey Atkins Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Gail E. Haley oral history interview 13, 2008 January 18
Gail E. Haley was a 68-year-old woman at the time of interview, which took place in Charlotte, North Carolina. She was born in Charlotte in 1939. She was educated at Richmond Professional Institute and the University of Virginia; and was employed as an author, illustrator, and college teacher., Gail Haley, an author and illustrator of children's literature born in Charlotte, North Carolina, recounts her career in the 1990s. In this thirteenth of sixteen interviews, Ms. Haley recalls her work on Dream Peddler (1993). Ms. Haley describes how she was inspired to write this story while conducting research at the Library of Congress when she came across the story of John Chapman, the legendary Pedlar of Swaffham (a small town in Norfolk, England) who followed his dream and discovered a fortune in his own backyard. Ms. Haley was intrigued by the peddler's surname, which she connected with the selling of chapbooks, works of popular literature illustrated with simple woodcuts. She discusses the history of printing practices and chapbooks, and relates her decision to change the time period in her story to the 18th century when children's literature was emerging as a genre. In addition, Ms. Haley recalls the inspirations for her illustrations, which included the works of William Hogarth as well as images from original chapbooks. She also describes the techniques used to create the illustrations, including the utilization of a light box to transfer sketches onto canvas and layering paint on canvas to prevent stretching before painting the final image with acrylic paints. While discussing her illustrations, Ms. Haley highlights her usage of symbols and authentic historical illustrations to produce accurate depictions in order to create an enriched educational experience for children. Other themes in this interview include the importance of dreams, Ms. Haley's early collaboration with Francelia Butler, and her visit to England to research the town of Swaffham and the old London Bridge., Gail Haley papers, 1842-2005, J. Murrey Atkins Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Gail E. Haley oral history interview 14, 2008 April 25
Gail E. Haley was a 68-year-old woman at the time of interview, which took place in Charlotte, North Carolina. She was born in Charlotte in 1939. She was educated at Richmond Professional Institute and the University of Virginia; and was employed as an author, illustrator, and college teacher., Gail Haley, an author and illustrator of children's literature born in Charlotte, North Carolina, discusses her career in the mid 1990s. In this fourteenth of sixteen interviews, Ms. Haley reflects on her work on Two Bad Boys (1996). Ms. Haley recalls finding the story of the two boys while reading about Cherokee legends and culture. She notes that the tale appears across cultures in various forms, with the boys as representations of two sides of a whole, the civilized man and the natural man, who also fulfill the archetypal role of tricksters within the Cherokee story. Furthermore, Ms. Haley describes the new techniques she created when working on the illustrations for the book, which imitated paintings on parchment and walls. The techniques included tracing her original sketch in permanent marker onto interfacing, a textile used in sewing. She then layered paint onto the interfacing to create a background, on which she painted the final illustration. Additionally, Ms. Haley discusses the colors used in the images which were inspired by traditional Cherokee color schemes. Throughout the interview, Ms. Haley relates her experiences with the Cherokee people while conducting research on their culture and stories, including her experiences with their storytelling traditions. Other themes in this interview include the role of mischief in creation stories, sacrifice in folk literature, animals in storytelling traditions, and traditional Cherokee art., Gail Haley papers, 1842-2005, J. Murrey Atkins Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Gail E. Haley oral history interview 15, 2008 July 28
Gail E. Haley was a 68-year-old woman at the time of interview, which took place in Charlotte, North Carolina. She was born in Charlotte in 1939. She was educated at Richmond Professional Institute and the University of Virginia; and was employed as an author, illustrator, and college teacher., Gail Haley, an author and illustrator of children's literature born in Charlotte, North Carolina, recalls her career in the early 2000s. In this fifteenth of sixteen interviews, Ms. Haley discusses her work on Kokopelli (2003). Ms. Haley describes the long gestation of this story, which was originally suggested by a friend but not acted on for over a decade. Eventually, her observation of cicadas in her garden inspired Ms. Haley to research and interpret the legends of Kokopelli, a trickster, sometimes depicted as a cicada, who ushers in spring. Ms. Haley notes that her retelling is a story of emergence as the ant people are led by Kokopelli through colorful underground worlds before arriving on the surface, where they shed their ant skins and become the first humans. Ms. Haley discusses the significance of the colors used in her illustrations, which reflect traditional colors available in the Southwest region where Kokopelli's story manifested and which she sees as ancient and universal colors. Ms. Haley relates her original intention of creating illustrations on interfacing, in a similar method as used in Two Bad Boys (1996), before altering her technique in order to create crisper illustrations which would be easier to reproduce. She describes painting the illustrations while listening to music and its influence on her designs as well as repeatedly drawing the ant people and creating puppets of their figures until she felt satisfied with their depiction. Other themes in this interview include the role of music in Kokopelli stories; traditions, rituals, and stories across cultures; and the changing roles of illustrators in publishing., Gail Haley papers, 1842-2005, J. Murrey Atkins Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
Gail E. Haley oral history interview 16, 2009 January 30
Gail E. Haley was a 68-year-old woman at the time of interview, which took place in Charlotte, North Carolina. She was born in Charlotte in 1939. She was educated at Richmond Professional Institute and the University of Virginia; and was employed as an author, illustrator, and college teacher., Gail Haley, an author and illustrator of children's literature born in Charlotte, North Carolina, recounts her career in the mid 2000s. In this final interview of sixteen, Ms. Haley describes her work on My Father's Beast (2006). Ms. Haley recalls how she was motivated to create the book after her interactions with a friend recovering from alcoholism. The combination of her own experiences with alcoholism and those of others culminated in a desire to create a work which would address the subject. At the suggestion of her sister, Ms. Haley decided to create a book tailored for the children of alcoholics which could be used as a tool by counsellors working with the children. Ms. Haley also discusses the narrative choices she made in My Father's Beast, including her decision to create an allegory, personifying alcoholism in order to depersonalize the story and allow the reader to disassociate the identity of the parent from his behavior. Other choices referenced were making the father the alcoholic figure, which she felt would show greater impact on the family, and depicting the family together at the end in order to convey that there is hope in the situation. In addition, Ms. Haley describes creating the illustrations for the text by using hand-crafted paper to form collages on which she painted faces and shadows. She chose this medium by reasoning that children would be able to connect with the images because children are able to make collages from a young age. She also felt the patchwork nature of the illustrations communicated the universal impact of alcoholism. Ms. Haley reflects on her color choices throughout the illustrations which feature primarily bright colors to offset the situation being depicted. She then discusses her choice to create racially ambiguous characters by using paper bags to create the characters' skin tones, thus allowing the characters to appeal to a broader audience. Other themes in this interview include rituals, motifs in fairy tales, alcoholism, and treatments for addiction., Gail Haley papers, 1842-2005, J. Murrey Atkins Library Special Collections and University Archives, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.